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List Of Active Publication
Journal Article : THE IMPACT OF HEATING TEMPERATURE AND FLUX RATIO ON THE IN-SITU CASTING TECHNIQUE AS A DIRECT RECYCLING OF ALSI7MG MACHINING CHIPS 2024, 27568210, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/armne/article/view/5249 | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF NOVEL MODIFIED CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM NANO-FLUID FROM PAHANG, MALAYSIA 2024, 22897232, Penulis Pertama UTHM - First Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v40/JT-40-1-13.pdf | |
Journal Article : INVESTIGATION OF MODIFIED RBD PALM OIL-BASED HYBRID NANOFLUIDS AS METALWORKING FLUID 2024, 21890420, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/opac_detail_md/?lang=1&amode=MD100000&bibid=7183360 | |
Journal Article : ELECTRODE WEAR RATE OF RBD PALM OIL AS DIELECTRIC FLUIDS ON ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) AT DIFFERENT PEAK CURRENT AND PULSE DURATION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS 2024, 22897879, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/article/view/3254/3516 | |
Journal Article : THE INVESTIGATION OF MATERIAL REMOVAL RATE ON ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS (TI-6AL-4V) AT DIFFERENT PEAK CURRENTS AND PULSE DURATIONS BY USING RBD PALM OIL AND KEROSENE AS DIELECTRIC FLUIDS 2024, 22897895, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/appl_mech/article/view/5253/4299 | |
Journal Article : PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MODIFIED PALM OIL WITH HYBRID ADDITIVES NANOFLUIDS 2024, 27568210, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/armne/article/view/5250 | |
Journal Article : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW FORMULATION OF HYBRID NANOFLUID-BASED MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION (MQL) FROM MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL AS METALWORKING FLUID 2023, 22897879, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/article/view/1128 | |
Journal Article : EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES OF HBN/WS2 AND HBN/TIO2 HYBRID NANOPARTICLES-MJO-BASED OIL 2023, 22897232, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v37/JT-37-84-97.pdf | |
Journal Article : SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) OF INCONEL 718 WHEN USING RBD PALM OIL BASED DIELECTRIC FLUID 2023, 28212835, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jsmt/article/view/14792/6323 | |
Journal Article : MODIFIED TAMANU PLANT-BASED OIL FROM PAHANG MALAYSIA AS BIODEGRADABLE METALWORKING FLUIDS 2023, 22147853, Penulis Pertama UTHM - First Author, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785322065087 | |
Journal Article : ELECTRODE WEAR RATE ON ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS (TI-6AL-4V) AT DIFFERENT PEAK CURRENT AND PULSE DURATION BY USING MODIFIED RBD PALM OIL AS DIELECTRIC FLUIDS 2022, 2229838x, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/12121/5466 | |
Journal Article : PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL ADDITIVES USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER MACHINE 2022, 18196608, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2022/jeas_1122_9053.pdf | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL BY ACTIVATED CARBON NANOPARTICLE FOR METALWORKING FLUID APPLICATION 2022, 22897232, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v33/JT-33-113-124.pdf | |
Journal Article : PREDICTION OF TOOL WEAR USING MACHINE VISION APPROACH 2022, 15837904, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://www.ajme.ro/PDF_AJME_2022_1/L13.pdf | |
Journal Article : THE MACHINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF RBD PALM OIL DIELECTRIC FLUID ON ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) OF AISI D2 STEEL 2022, 2229838x, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/8314/4870 | |
Journal Article : EFFECT OF VEGETABLE-BASED NANOFLUID ENRICHED WITH NANOPARTICLES AS METALWORKING FLUIDS DURING ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS 2022, 22897232, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v32/JT-32-29-39.pdf | |
Journal Article : PERFORMANCE COMPARATIVE OF MODIFIED JATROPHA BASED NANOFLUIDS IN ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS 2021, 21890420, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, http://www.tj.kyushu-u.ac.jp/evergreen/contents/EG2021-8_2_content/pdf/461-468.pdf | |
Journal Article : CHARACTERISTICS OF OXIDE LAYER FORMED ON THE ALUMINIUM (LM6) ALLOY AND ALUMINIUM (ADC12) ALLOY DURING IN-SITU MELTING 2021, 27166201, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jamea/article/view/9983 | |
Journal Article : MACHINABILITY EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLE ENRICHED IN VEGETABLE-BASED-NANOFLUIDS FOR MACHINING PROCESS 2021, 27166201, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jamea/article/view/9171 | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACTIVATED CARBON NANOPARTICLE IN NONEDIBLE NANOFLUID FOR MACHINING APPLICATION 2021, 21890420, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, http://www.tj.kyushu-u.ac.jp/evergreen/contents/EG2021-8_2_content/pdf/454-460.pdf | |
Journal Article : OPTIMIZATION OF DRILLING PROCESS USING NON-CONVENTIONAL METHOD 2020, 22780149, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, http://www.ijmerr.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=182&id=1478 | |
Journal Article : EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL BLENDED WITH HBN AND MOS2 AS FUTURE METALWORKING FLUID FOR THE MACHINING PROCESS 2020, 23473983, Penulis Pertama UTHM - First Author, http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter36812sl2020.pdf | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL WITH HBN AND GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES AS A NEW PREFERENCE FOR THE METALWORKING FLUID 2020, 22498958, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://www.ijeat.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v9i3/B3126129219.pdf | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL WITH HBN AND GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES AS AN ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANT FOR MACHINING PROCESS 2020, 22897879, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, http://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/arfmts/article/view/1319 | |
Journal Article : CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOLTEN ALUMINIUM PENETRATION ON THE AL2O3 OXIDE CRUST DURING IN-SITU MELTING 2020, 22783091, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, http://www.warse.org/IJATCSE/static/pdf/file/ijatcse3391.42020.pdf | |
Journal Article : MODIFIED JATROPHA NANO-LUBRICANT AS METALWORKING FLUID FOR MACHINING PROCESS 2019, 22897232, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v23/JT-23-90-96.pdf | |
Journal Article : APPLICATION OF WAVELET ANALYSIS IN TOOL WEAR EVALUATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD 2018, 2227524x, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet/article/view/28155 | |
Journal Article : APPLICATION OF WAVELET ANALYSIS IN TOOL WEAR EVALUATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD. 2018, 2227524x, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet/article/view/28155 | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS OF MODIFIED RBD PALM OLEIN-BASED
LUBRICANTS IN MACHINING PROCESSES 2018, 22897232, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v19/JT-19-98-106.pdf | |
Journal Article : INVESTIGATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MODIFIED
JATROPHA OIL WITH HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE PARTICLES AS A
METALWORKING FLUID FOR MACHINING PROCESS 2018, 2229838x, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, http://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/2130/1545 | |
Journal Article : PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL IN COMBINATION WITH HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE PARTICLES AS A BIO-BASED LUBRICANT FOR GREEN MACHINING 2018, 0301679x, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301679X17304310 | |
Journal Article : EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND TAPPING TORQUE OF HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE IN MODIFIED JATROPHA OILS-BASED AS SUSTAINABLE METALWORKING FLUIDS 2018, 09596526, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617323545 | |
Journal Article : EVALUATION OF MODIFIED JATROPHA-BASED OIL WITH HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE PARTICLE AS A BIOLUBRICANT IN ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS 2017, 02683768, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-017-0148-x#citeas | |
Journal Article : PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PALM-OLEIN TMP ESTER CONTAINING HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND AN OIL MISCIBLE IONIC LIQUID AS BIO-BASED METALWORKING FLUIDS 2017, 18235514, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://jmeche.uitm.edu.my/ | |
Journal Article : TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON VARIOUS FORMULATION OF MODIFIED RBD PALM OLEIN AS SUSTAINABLE METALWORKING FLUIDS FOR MACHINING PROCESS 2017, 16629752, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, https://www.scientific.net/MSF.882.13 | |
Journal Article : THE PERFORMANCE OF HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AS AN ADDITIVE IN THE BIO-BASED MACHINING LUBRICANT | |
Journal Article : THE PERFORMANCE OF HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AS AN ADDITIVE IN THE BIO-BASED MACHINING LUBRICANT | |
Journal Article : THE PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED JATROPHA-OIL BASED TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (TMP) ESTER ON TRIBOLOGY CHARACTERISTIC FOR SUSTAINABLE METALWORKING FLUIDS (MWFS) 2014, 16627482, Penulis Utama - Corresponding Author, http://www.scientific.net/AMM.660.357 | |
Book Chapter : LASER-ASSISTED MACHINING: PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS 2024, 9781394214655, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781394214655.ch3 | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES SERIES 2 2023, 9786297566023, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES SERIES 2
2023, 9786297566023, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES SERIES 2 2023, 9786297566023, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 2023, 9786297566023, Penulis Dalam Bab, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES SERIES 2 2023, 9789672234876, Penyunting, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : HYBRID MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES: PRINCIPLES, VARIETIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023, 9781394174478, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781394174959.ch1 | |
Book Chapter : HYBRID MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES: PRINCIPLES, VARIETIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023, 9781394174478, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781394174959.ch9 | |
Book Chapter : HYBRID MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES: PRINCIPLES, VARIETIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023, 9781394174478, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781394174959.ch4 | |
Book Chapter : HYBRID MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES: PRINCIPLES, VARIETIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023, 9781394174478, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781394174959.ch6 | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING:
CASE STUDIES
SERIES 2 2023, 9786297566023, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT: CASE STUDY
SERIES 3 2022, 9789670061412, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT: CASE STUDY
SERIES 3 2022, 9789670061412, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2021, 9789811596353, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-9635-3_13 | |
Book Chapter : RECENT TRENDS IN MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS TOWARDS INDUSTRY 4.0 2021, 9789811595059, Penulis Dalam Bab, https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/recent-trends-in-manufacturing-and-materials-towards-industry-4-/18883214?tocPage=1 | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES 2020, 9789672389569, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES 2020, 9789672389569, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES 2020, 9789672389569, Penulis Dalam Bab, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES 2020, 9789672389569, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT SERIES 2020, 9789672389590, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT 2019, 9789672306542, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Book Chapter : LUBRICATION: TRIBOLOGY, LUBRICANTS AND ADDITIVES 2018, 9781789231298, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72511 | |
Book : MECHANICAL, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES 2020, 9789672389569, Penyunting, Tiada | |
Book : MINYAK PELINCIR BERASASKAN TUMBUHAN 2018, 9789834907518, Penulis Bersama - Co-Author, Tiada | |
Conference / Seminar : STUDY OF PRIMARY STABILITY OF HIP IMPLANT FOR SEMI HIP REPLACEMENT BY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS | |
Conference / Seminar : ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PERFORMANCE OF VEGETABLE-BASED LUBRICANTS VIA MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION TECHNIQUE ON AISI 316L | |
Conference / Seminar : THE TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF NANO-ACTIVATED CARBON AS SOLID ADDITIVES IN MODIFIED CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM BASED-METALWORKING FLUID | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF MODIFIED PALM OIL-WITH SINGLE AND HYBRID NANOFLUIDS FOR METALWORKING FLUID | |
Conference / Seminar : PRIMARY STABILITY OF HIP IMPLANT FOR SEMI HIP REPLACEMENT BY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS | |
Conference / Seminar : PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF GRAPHENE BASED-NANOFLUIDS AS A METALWORKING FLUID FOR TURNING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : REVIEW ON NON-EDIBLE OIL BASED AS METALWORKING FLUID FOR MACHINING PURPOSES-CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM | |
Conference / Seminar : THE INFLUENCE OF HBN PARTICLES IN MODIFIED JATROPHA-BASED OIL AS A METALWORKING FLUID ON TOOL LIFE AND TOOL WEAR DURING TURNING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL PITCH ANGLE AND MARGIN ON SURFACE INTEGRITY WHEN END MILLING TITANIUM ALLOY | |
Conference / Seminar : THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL PITCH ANGLE AND MARGIN PRESENCE ON MACHINING PERFORMANCE WHEN END MILLING OF TITANIUM ALLOY (TI6AL4V) | |
Conference / Seminar : THE PERFORMANCE OF THERMOSETTING PLASTIC WASTE REINFORCED SUSTAINABLE BRICK | |
Conference / Seminar : EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OILBASED NANOFLUIDS FOR MACHINING PURPOSES | |
Conference / Seminar : COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CRUDE TAMANU OIL PERFORMANCE AS METALWORKING FLUIDS | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGY'S EFFECT ON TURNING PERFORMANCE WITH JATROPHA OIL AND ACTIVATED CARBON NANOPARTICLE | |
Conference / Seminar : SIMULATION OF STRESS AND DEFLECTION IN CUTTING TOOL OF END MILLING USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS | |
Conference / Seminar : A NOVEL CALOPHYLLUM-INOPHYLLUM OIL FROM PAHANG MALAYSIA AS A GREEN METALWORKING FLUID | |
Conference / Seminar : EFFECT OF VEGETABLE-BASED NANOFLUID ENRICHED WITH NANOPARTICLES AS METALWORKING FLUIDS DURING ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : OPTIMIZATION OF TOOL PATH LENGTH ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL
DRILLING APPLICATION USING ANT COLONY ALGORITHM | |
Conference / Seminar : EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL ENRICHED WITH NANOPARTICLE ADDITIVES FOR MACHINING APPLICATION | |
Conference / Seminar : THE PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED JATROPHA-BASED NANOFLUID DURING TURNING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : MINIMIZING CLEAR TOOLPATH LENGTH USING ANT COLONY ALGORITHM IN POCKET MILLING APPLICATION | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGY EFFECT ON TURNING MACHINE PROCESS USING JATROPHA OIL WITH AC NANOPARTICLE | |
Conference / Seminar : EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MODIFIED JATROPHA BASED OIL NANOFLUIDS IN ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED JATROPHA-BASED NANOFLUIDS ENRICHED WITH ACTIVATED CARBON FOR METALWORKING FLUID PURPOSES | |
Conference / Seminar : LUBRICATION EFFECTS ON VARIOUS FEED SPEEDS ON OIL FILM THICKNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN MQL MACHINING. | |
Conference / Seminar : EXPERIMENT EVALUATION HBN NANOPARTICLES IN MODIFIED JATROPHA-BASED OIL AS METALWORKING FLUID FOR MACHINING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF HBN AND MOS2 NANOPARTICLES AS ADDITIVE IN MODIFIED JATROPHA BASED OIL NANOFLUIDS | |
Conference / Seminar : CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUPERFICIAL OXIDE LAYER ON THE ALUMINIUM
(99.4% PURITY) GRANULES DURING IN-SITU MELTING | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MODIFIED RBD PALM OLEIN-BASED LUBRICANT ON ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS | |
Conference / Seminar : TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE IN MODIFIED JATROPHA OIL AS SUSTAINABLE METALWORKING FLUID | |
Conference / Seminar : THE EFFECT OF TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR ON MACHINING PERFORMANCES WHEN USING BIO-BASED LUBRICANT AS A SUSTAINABLE METALWORKING FLUID | |
Conference / Seminar : PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED CRUDE JATROPHA OIL AS A BIO-BASED METALWORKING FLUIDS FOR MACHINING PROCESS |